What Is Acid Reflux?

What Is Acid Reflux?

Acid reflux, which is known medically as gastroesophageal reflux disease or GERD and is often called "heartburn" by the general public, occurs when liquid content of the stomach back up into the esophagus. This liquid contains stomach acid which can irritate and inflame the tissue of the esophagus, causing a burning sensation in the esophagus in the chest area near the heart: thus the name "heartburn."
When acid from the stomach backs up in this way, it is described as "reflux."

The liquid might also contain a a digestive enzyme called pepsin, or in some cases, even bile from the duodenum (the area where the stomach attaches to the small intestine). These may have a role in causing acid reflux, although it is believed to be a lesser role.

A certain amount of reflux occurs in almost everyone at one time or another. But those who suffer from GERD, the refluxed liquid contains a higher level of acid. The reflux also reaches a high level in the esophagus, covering (and possibly damaging) a larger area of tissue.

GERD is a considered to be a chronic condition, although treatment and preventive steps may reduce its severity.

During the day, the effects of acid reflux are less likely to occur. When a person is standing upright, or sitting, any reflux is likely to be carried back to the stomach quickly by gravity. Swallowing also carries saliva down the esophagus (saliva contains a natural bicarbonate which helps neutralize acid). Therefore acid reflux is more likely to occur when a person is asleep: gravity isn't a factor because the body is usually in a horizontal position, and swallowing stops. Therefore, refluxed liquid stays in the esophagus for a longer time.